Ngokwesini unikezelo - Indian kubekho inkqubela

Umzekelo, kuba hypothetical abantu behlabathi

I-ngokwesini unikezelo, isini unikezelo, okanye ngesondo ulwalamano, ulwalamano ye-ngokwesini-differentiated abantu ngaphakathi abantu behlabathi

Idla sibonwa apha, ulwalamano inani indoda nomfazi ukuba inani ibhinqa abantu.

Amadoda, isini unikezelo. ≈, okanye abafazi kwi abantu. I-ngesondo ulwalamano unako kanjalo kuba ukususela ipesenti ukubala: ingaba abantu amadoda, nabafazi, oko kukuthi, ≈, amadoda nabafazi. Bonke abantu a Bonke ubungenakho eyabelwe noba enye okanye enye ngokwesini ngokucacileyo, oku iziphumo kwi ulwahlulo ukusuka iliza elingunxantathu uphawu (umz, indoda nomfazi). Nangona kunjalo, unako kanjalo kwenzeka kwi-populations ka-ke ngoko ngesondo kunye nokuzala, oyedwa awunakuba kuba ngokucacileyo eyabelwe omnye ngesondo (bona, umzekelo, Subdiözie). Ngokunxulumene ukukhula kwakhe ubudala abantu, umahluko lwenziwa phakathi wokuqala, wesibini kwaye emfundo ephakamileyo ngesondo ulwalamano. Ephambili ngesondo ulwalamano: ngesondo ulwalamano ngexesha conception kwi-humans alaziwa. Ngqo akunakwenzeka ukugqiba, kodwa kuphela vula ngokungathanga ngqo, ukususela ngesondo unikezelo ka-births kwaye prenatal Uphuhliso izigaba zawo ka-ezilahlekileyo abantu.

Iveki okanye stillbirth kancinci ngakumbi rhoqo kwi-Indoda

Ngokunxulumene ingqikelelo a ngoku nzulu, nesiqingatha indoda (share), ulwalamano emva fertilization. Kwi-ubudala uluncwadi kukholisa assumed ukuba kakhulu indawo ekuyo into ka-indoda zygotes. Okwesibini ngesondo ulwalamano: ngesondo ulwalamano ngomhla wokuzalwa kwi-humans ngu malunga, indoda nomfazi ukuba ibhinqa, ngaphandle kokuba oko itshintshe yi sex-selective wokuzalwa zokuthintela. Emfundo ephakamileyo indawo ekuyo into ka-indoda newborns: ufumana isiphumo obukhulu prenatal basemhlabeni ka-embryos kwaye foetuses ezahluka-ngesondo. Kwi-ngeveki yokuqala p. a spontaneous kwesisu ka-indoda embryos kubaluleke ngakumbi ngokufanayo, kwiiveki ezilandelayo, i-kwangoko miscarriage ukusuka ibhinqa embryos kwaye fetuses emva kwexesha miscarriage kuhlangana malunga nama-ngokulinganayo rhoqo kuzo zombini sexes, intra-uterine foetal emva Kokufa. Belambile amathuba unako ukuba fluctuations ka-lwesibini Ngesondo ulwalamano.

A nokungabikho nutrition ye-Pregnant umfazi impembelelo kwi pregnancy ixesha, ngokomthetho implantation kwaye fetal ilahleko ngokwesini ezahlukeneyo kunjalo.

Emfundo ephakamileyo ngesondo ulwalamano: ngesondo ulwalamano kwi-ngokuziphinda-phinda ubudala, humans ngu ndivuma kakhulu le zembali kunye namaqonga influences.

Ngoko ke, ilahleko otyebileyo iimfazwe, ebangela a shift kwi-budlelwane, ikakhulu ngenxa kuphela bafana ingaba drafted kwaye emfazweni ukuba abe bambulala.

Kwi-Germany kwaye Austria, kwenzekile njengoko ngenxa military, ikakhulu abantu bamele ochaphazelekayo, ilahleko Wokuqala kwaye, kwakhona ngaphezulu, Yesibini yehlabathi imfazwe, ukuba nomdla shift ye-ngesondo ulwalamano kuba ezinye vintages. Oku kukhokelele emva kokuba imfazwe ukuze enkulu inani unwanted omnye hlala abafazi, wokuzalwa umyinge ngu influenced, ngokulandelelanayo, phantsi ke prevailing loluntu iimeko kwi-iminyaka uthabatha. I-migration kwenkqubo young Amadoda nabafazi ngu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ngu kwi age iqela le-Unyaka-olds, ebalulekileyo imbalance uyabonakala. Umbutho woomama kujike zoba kwiindawo kwi-enkulu yenqila iphela iindawo, xa ulutsha abantu bahlala kaninzi zabo ekhaya lizwe (kanjalo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni). Ngenxa yoko, phantse zonke enkulu izixeko (ngaphandle iindawo Enzima iyunivesithi ezifana Aachen, Karlsruhe okanye Dresden), okwangoku, kule age group kuba njengentsalela yabasetyhini, ngexesha jonga umfanekiso ikhona kwi-phantse zonke lwasemaphandleni imimandla a ehambelana njengentsalela babantu. Le yingxaki kwimeko nomdla imbalance, apho kunako ukuba nefuthe elibi yinxalenye invention kwaye ukusekwa usapho kwaye ukuba amazinga bakholisa ukuba abe ngaphantsi zokuzalwa. Kuyo nganye ilizwe Brandenburg kwaye Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ikhompyutha ngaphantsi abafazi kwi abantu. Kucacile ukuba kuba la madoda, esiqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo biography kunye umsebenzi kwaye iqala usapho kakhulu kunzima. Owona njengentsalela babantu kwi-Ilm-Kreis nge ulwalamano ka kule age group, oku Ikakhulu yintsholongwane i-Community Ngezifundo ka-Ilmenau kwaye student umzimba. Owona ingenguwo abantu affine namaziko emfundo wenza Surpluses kamasipala wengingqi ka-Demmin, kwaye wesithili we Elbe-Elster kunye abantu basetyhini. Owona njengentsalela yabasetyhini, Nabo abantu basetyhini. Kwi age iqela le-Unyaka-olds kwi-Germany, bukhali Mpuma-Ntshona umahluko ukuba waba triggered yi-Migration ka-inani eliphezulu of young Mpuma isijamani abafazi kwi lowo kwaye kwangoko uya - eminyaka. Kangangokuba, abaninzi Empuma ezikufuphi kuba ebalulekileyo shortage yabasetyhini, ngeli lixa abanye West isijamani imimandla enjalo njengoko Rhineland, Schleswig-Holstein, kwaye Rhine-Engundoqo kwaye Rhine - Neckar-Ingingqi a Njengentsalela yabasetyhini kule age group. Elizayo ziza kubonisa nokuba ngaba kungenxa oku migration kwenkqubo i-one-ngaphandle ukusebenza ngenxa reunification okanye osisigxina migration ipateni. Kulo naliphi na ityala, ngoku ngokwesini unikezelo sele thabatha ukusebenza ngomhla wokuzalwa umyinge kwi-Empuma-Germany. Kwi-uthelekiso ezimbini ubudala amaqela ingaba abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo ukuba abaninzi enkulu izixeko kuba -Yeminyaka ubudala abafazi kunye Njengentsalela, ngexesha kwi - Nyaka, ngentsilelo kwenzeka (umzekelo, Halle (Saale) kunye abantu basetyhini phakathi Confederation kwaye abantu basetyhini phakathi iminyaka kwaye okanye Trier kunye ukuze ngokuchasene ukuba). Apha elizayo ziza kubonisa nokuba ngaba esi Sizukulwana liqhubeka kuyo amaxesha demographic tshintsha, nkqu kugqityiwe le uqeqesho, kwaye Radio osapho ukumiselwa kwebandla kwi-inkulu izixeko, okanye (njengoko phambi) emva zasemaphandleni izithili, wanders. I-ngesondo ulwalamano abantu basetyhini kwi-mveliso Izizwe Jikelele ngu malunga, yintoni ngenxa thoba ubomi expectancy babantu. Emfundo ephakamileyo basemhlabeni amadoda kukhokelela i-kokuzalwa kuka ezikhoyo njengentsalela babantu ajongise ukususela ubudala malunga neminyaka edlulileyo kwi njengentsalela yabasetyhini. I-ulwalamano ngu bafudukela yi-wangaphandle influences. Njalo, isini - ethile, impilo hazards, iimfazwe, abasebenzi kunye umtshato migration, ngokunjalo ngokusemthethweni okanye ezingekho mthethweni kwempembelelo yomoya ngesondo ka-kwezabo inzala unako hambisa ngokwesini unikezelo, elinye icala okanye ezinye. Kwiindawo ezininzi successor States of owokuqala Soviet Union, ubomi expectancy babantu ngu significantly ngaphantsi kunoko yabasetyhini. Austria zi - ko-yeminyaka ubudala abahlali Sweden kuphela abantu (i-Germany, Senegal). Izizathu oku kusenokuba unhealthy kakuhle iimeko, okanye kwezi amazwe, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu, widespread alcoholism. Kwi-Arab States we-Gulf, kungenxa ezibalulekileyo basebenza migration (njenge foreigner), abantu bamele predominantly kwi-Niue abemi ngaphandle iintsapho zabo kulo ilizwe ngu ihlabathi ke, Uninzi unequal ngokwesini ubudlelwane phakathi, holt. Kwi-Niue ne-United Arab Emirates, kuphela malunga le bonke ingaba ibhinqa.

Kwezinye cultures, killing ka-ibhinqa babies ayikwazi yenza ukuba wokuzalwa ngesondo ulwalamano.

Kwi-Mpuma Asia, culturally, oonyana njengoko inkxaso kwaye yelifa lemveli, ka-usapho ingaba ithathwe iintombi njengoko umngcipheko intlupheko. Ukongeza kule i-ezongezelelweyo influences, ezifana owokuqala, ngexa, umntwana olahliweyo mgaqo-nkqubo kwi-abantu ke Republic of China, saliwe abazali le kubekho inkqubela,"yesibini Ithuba"unyana, okanye Tradition ye-dowry kwi-i-India, umtshato wendoda intombi kuba iintsapho bukho-threatening, expensive.

Ngoko ke newborn baby boy kwi-China kubekho inkqubela (DE-E-CH:), abantwana kukho kwi-China, nkqu young girls.

Ronald Almer Fisher umphandle kule yakhe incwadi,"genetic inkumbulo ka-yendalo ukhetho", imodeli nto idla isithuba malunga nama -ngokwesini unikezelo wavakalisa. Fisher posited ukuba ngesondo unikezelo izimisele yi-genetics. Njengoko elula, umzekelo, qinisekisa ukuba kukho afanelekileyo Gene nababini kunokwenzeka alleles-A no-B: abantu abo ze urhuqe allele, kuba, ngokwe-avareji kuba ngaphezulu indoda inzala kwe-ibhinqa, kwaye abantu oqhuba i-allele B, kwi-avareji ngakumbi ibhinqa inzala kwe-indoda. Ngoku, ukuba kwi-iyonke abantu behlabathi, umzekelo, ngaphantsi indoda abantu bazelwe kwe-ibhinqa, ngoko ke indoda abantu kufuneka ukwenza kwakhona i ngakumbi Ithuba siqhubeke njengokuba ibhinqa. Ngako oko, ngoko ke abantu ukuba ze urhuqe allele A iya kuba, ngokwe-avareji ngakumbi grandchildren kunokuba abantu oqhuba i-B-allele. Kangangokuba, indawo ekuyo into ye-allele A kwi-bonke ngu ukwanda nge xesha. Isiphumo yi iityuwadefault colour Ungqinelwano kwi-ngokwesini unikezelo. Ibhili Hamilton wachaza a kunokwenzeka ndlela kuba inkumbulo yakhe Ukupapashwa ezingaphezulu nokuqheleka ngesondo e a ilahleko: Ukuba omnye ngesondo yeyona ngaphantsi rhoqo kuzalwa, basemazweni monogamous societies, ngokuziphinda-phinda chances ye-rarer ngesondo ephakamileyo.

Isiphumo kwi kakhulu inani inzala.

Fisher ke, inkumbulo, nangona kunjalo, waba? ka-alleles, apho kuba kwesixa ukusebenza ngomhla ukumiselwa kwebandla kwezabo ngesondo ngexesha meiosis.

I-ilingana no-yosasazo ye-ngesondo chromosomes kwi-germ iiseli, nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yi-nokungabikho preference ngamnye we-ngesondo chromosomes ngexesha meiosis.

I-efanayo unikezelo umele i-evolutionarily iityuwadefault colour sicwangciso-buchule.